Direct and indirect causes

Direct and Indirect Causes

Everybody agrees that the distinction between direct and indirect causation is important. And it seems easy to draw, i f an analysis of causation in general is available. The causal influence of one event on another is direct, if it is not mediated by other events in between; otherwise it is indirect. The trouble is with the proviso. Indeed, I contend that the order of analysis must be reversed...

O12: Direct and Indirect Insults of Traumatic Brain Injury

لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.

Direct and Indirect Representation

How much can a constituency influence the power of its representative in the legislature? We develop a theoretical model of the constituency basis of legislator influence. The key players in the model are interest groups who may receive targeted transfers from the legislature. The model predicts that the amount of transfers that such groups receive is increasing in their ability to help a party...

Direct and Indirect Belief

Direct and Indirect Validation

To evaluate ultrasonographically determined intima-media thickness as a measure of early atherosclerosis, three studies were performed. Ultrasound measurements of intimamedia thickness in the carotid artery were directly validated by comparing the same thickness measured by light microscopy. The values were closely correlated (r=.82, P<.001). Intima-media thickness determined by light microscop...